PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.